Ethiopia holds approximately 122 billion cubic meters of renewable surface water annually, making it one of Africa's water towers. The country manages 12 major river basins spanning diverse agro-ecological zones from highland plateaus to arid lowlands.
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in Ethiopia is guided by the National Water Policy (1999), the Water Sector Development Program, and the IWRM National Action Plan. The approach coordinates across water supply, irrigation, hydropower, environment, and climate resilience — balancing economic development with ecosystem sustainability.
The Ministry of Water and Energy (MoWE) leads IWRM implementation through the National Water and Integrated Resources Management (NWIRM) program, supported by basin authorities, regional water bureaus, and international development partners including the World Bank, African Development Bank, GIZ, and USAID.